![]() PIP 3 is generated from PIP 2 by addition of a phosphate on position 3 hydroxyl residue by Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The PIP 2 is primarily formed as a result of sequential phosphorylations at position 4 and position 5 hydroxyl residues of PI by PI 4-kinase (PI4K), and PI phosphate kinase (PIPK), respectively. PIP 2 and PIP 3 are constituents of plasma membrane and their precisely regulated abundance changes in response to cell intrinsic and/or extrinsic stimuli. PI 4,5-bisphosphate, and PI 3,4,5-trisphosphate are the focus of this review. This addition and removal of phosphate groups is selectively regulated by specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases, which are evolutionarily well-conserved. Chemically, the seven distinct species of phosphoinositides are derived from unique phosphorylations of myo-inositol head group of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) at position 3,4 and 5 hydroxyl residues, either singly or in combination. Traditionally, phosphoinositides have been characterized as precursors to secondary messengers for cellular pathways, however, evidence for direct roles for these phospholipids in membrane dynamics is also piling up. Phosphoinositides are membrane phospholipids involved in regulation of key cellular processes that range from cell growth, protein metabolism, membrane remodeling, and trafficking, to cell death. This review will discuss the upstream modulators and downstream effectors of the PIP 2 and PIP 3 signaling, in the context of neuronal health and disease. Any perturbations to the balance between PIP 2 and PIP 3 signaling result in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. PIP 2 and PIP 3 carry out their functions either indirectly through their effectors activating integral signaling pathways, or through direct regulation of membrane channels, transporters, and cytoskeletal proteins. The activity of PIP 2 and PIP 3 can be regulated through kinases, phosphatases, phospholipases and cholesterol microdomains. The critical balance of these PIPs is crucial for regulation of neuronal form and function. This review focuses on the maintenance of cellular homeostasis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2), and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP 3). |- test_module-2.Phosphoinositides are membrane phospholipids involved in a variety of cellular processes like growth, development, metabolism, and transport. |- test_module-1.py # Unit Tests for module 1 The JSON format follows the spec at and a sample is available in the sample.json fileįor details on how the API is built read | GET | | Returns details for the a single Post | #For unit testing with python Unit testsĪPI calls can be made to the following URL ![]() Installation instructions for protractor are in the () To configure your application with nginx and uwsgi configuration see the () **You should be able to see the web dashboard at !() # Step 4 : Run the Scaffolding and database migrations script # Step 3 : Declare your Resource and it's fields in a YAML file as followsįor a list of supported fields please see #Fill in your database username, password, name, host etc #Step 2: Install the requirements and add your Database configuration details. Git clone YourAppFolderName & cd YourAppFolderName #Step 1:Clone the project to your application folder. Please ensure that development libraries for () are installed. ![]() It will create views,models and templates for a given Resource along with API endpoints and Unit tests. Flask-Scaffold let's you scaffold a MySQL or PostgreSQL driven Web Application with Flask and Angularjs. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |